Fish Predator Prey Interaction Model

globals
[
  patch-counter1 ;counter for setting patch color
  patch-counter2 ;counter for growing patches
]

breed[prey a-prey] ;create prey breed
breed[predators predator] ;create predator breed

patches-own
[
  chl ;chl(mg/m^3) = Chlorophyl-A, a commonly used proxy for phytoplankton biomass
]
turtles-own
[
  energy
  schoolmates ;agentset of nearby fish of the same species
  nearest-neighbor ;closest schoolmate
  targets ;agentset of potential targets for predators
  nearest-target ;closest target for predators
  attackers ;agentset of potential predators
  nearest-attacker ;closest predator to a prey fish
  attack-counter ;counter for whether a predator can attack or not
]

to setup
  ca
  reset-ticks

  ask n-of food-clusters patches ;chl patch sizes are determined by the user
  [
    ifelse food-cluster-size > 20 ;if food-cluster-size is set too small, it will cause an error when the radius is set to food-cluster-size/5
    [
      ask n-of food-cluster-size patches in-radius (food-cluster-size / 5)
      [
        set chl 10
      ]
    ]
    [
      ask n-of food-cluster-size patches in-radius (food-cluster-size / 4)
      [
        set chl 10
      ]
    ]
  ]

  ask patches ;chl values are set in steps and are based upon the chl values of their neighbors, creating a realistic distribution of values
  [
    if chl = 0 and [chl = 10] of one-of neighbors
    [
      set chl 7
    ]
  ]

  ask patches
  [
    if chl = 0 and [chl >= 7] of one-of neighbors
    [
      set chl 4
    ]
  ]

  ask patches
  [
    if chl = 0 and [chl >= 4] of one-of neighbors
    [
      set chl 2
    ]
  ]

  ask patches
  [
    set pcolor scale-color green chl 18 0
    set patch-counter1 25
    set patch-counter2 bloom-time-interval

    if chl = 0
    [
      set pcolor sky
    ]
  ]


  create-prey initial-num-prey-fish ;initialize prey fish
  [
    set size 3
    set color orange
    setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    set schoolmates no-turtles
    set energy 299

    ifelse fish?
    [set shape "fish"]
    [set shape "default"]
  ]

  create-predators initial-num-predator-fish ;initialize predator fish
  [
    set size 5
    set color red
    setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    set schoolmates no-turtles
    set energy 299

    ifelse fish?
    [set shape "fish"]
    [set shape "default"]
  ]
end 

to go
  ask patches
  [
    set patch-counter1 patch-counter1 - 1
    set patch-counter2 patch-counter2 - 1

    if patch-counter2 <= 0
    [
      if chl <= 10 and [chl > 0] of one-of neighbors
      [
        set chl chl + mean [chl] of neighbors ;creates a large chl (phytoplankton) bloom
      ]

      if chl > 10
      [
        set chl 10
      ]

      set patch-counter2 bloom-time-interval
    ]

    if patch-counter1 <= 0 ;updates the map with new chl values
    [
      set pcolor scale-color green chl 18 0

      if chl >= 0 and chl < 0.4
      [
        set pcolor sky
        set chl 0
      ]

      set patch-counter1 25
    ]
  ]

  ask prey
  [
    prey-move
  ]

  ask predators
  [
    predator-move
  ]

  ask turtles
  [
    forward 1
  ]

  tick
end 

to prey-move
  set schoolmates other prey in-radius vision
  set attackers other predators in-radius vision
  set energy energy - 0.2

  if energy < 0
  [
    ask self [die]
  ]

  if energy > 300 ;energy needed to reproduce
  [
    hatch 1
    [
      set schoolmates no-turtles
      set attackers no-turtles
      set energy 100
    ]

    set energy energy - 100 ;reproduction cost
  ]

  ifelse random-float 1 < 0.08 ;random movement
  [
    right (random 50) - 25
  ]
  [
    ifelse any? attackers
    [
      set nearest-attacker min-one-of attackers [distance myself]

      turn-towards (atan [dx] of nearest-attacker [dy] of nearest-attacker) 30 ;prey evasive movement

      if vision > 0
      [
        forward vision / 3
      ]
    ]
    [
      if any? patches with [chl > 1] in-radius 3 ;prey eat phytoplankton
      [
        let food max-one-of patches in-radius 3 [chl]

        turn-towards (towards food) prey-food-affinity

        set energy energy + (chl / 2)
        set chl chl / 2
      ]

      if any? schoolmates
      [
        set nearest-neighbor min-one-of schoolmates [distance myself]

        ifelse distance nearest-neighbor < 1
        [
          turn-away ([heading] of nearest-neighbor) 5 ;separates itself from neighbors if too close
        ]
        [
          turn-towards average-schoolmate-heading 5 ;changes directions to align with neighbors headings to exhibit grouping behavior
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 

to predator-move
  set schoolmates other predators in-radius vision
  set targets other prey in-radius vision

  set attack-counter attack-counter - 1
  set energy energy - 0.6

  if energy < 0
  [
    ask self [die]
  ]

  if energy > 300 ;energy needed to reproduce
  [
    hatch 1
    [
      set schoolmates no-turtles
      set targets no-turtles
      set energy 100
    ]

    set energy energy - 100 ;reproduction cost
  ]

  ifelse random-float 1 < 0.08 ;random movement
  [
    right (random 50) - 25
  ]
  [
    ifelse any? targets
    [
      set nearest-target min-one-of targets [distance myself]

      ifelse attack-counter <= 0
      [
        turn-away (atan [dx] of nearest-target [dy] of nearest-target) 30 ;predator attack movement

        if vision > 0
        [
          forward vision / 2
        ]

        if random-float 1 < attack-success-rate ;attacks are successful half of the time
        [
          ask nearest-target [die]
          set energy energy + 60
        ]

        set attack-counter 15 ;predators will only attack after a given interval, creating a realistic attack pattern
      ]
      [
        turn-away average-target-heading 20 ;predators will follow their targets
      ]
    ]
    [
      if any? schoolmates ;if predators have no targets, they will school to hunt more efficiently
      [
        set nearest-neighbor min-one-of schoolmates [distance myself]

        ifelse distance nearest-neighbor < 1
        [
          turn-away ([heading] of nearest-neighbor) 5 ;separates itself from neighbors if too close
        ]
        [
          turn-towards average-schoolmate-heading 5
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 



;Helper functions

to turn-towards [new-heading max-turn-radius] ;turns towards something by subtracting current and new headings
  let turn subtract-headings new-heading heading

  ifelse abs turn > max-turn-radius
  [
    ifelse turn > 0
    [
      right max-turn-radius
    ]
    [
      left max-turn-radius
    ]
  ]
  [
    ifelse turn > 0
    [
      right turn
    ]
    [
      left turn
    ]
  ]
end 

to turn-away [new-heading max-turn-radius] ;turns away from something by subtracting current and new headings
  let turn subtract-headings heading new-heading

  ifelse abs turn > max-turn-radius
  [
    ifelse turn > 0
    [
      right max-turn-radius
    ]
    [
      left max-turn-radius
    ]
  ]
  [
    ifelse turn > 0
    [
      right turn
    ]
    [
      left turn
    ]
  ]
end 

to-report average-schoolmate-heading  ;Cannot simply average heading values (ie. avg of 1 and 359 should be calculated as 0)
  let x-component sum [dx] of schoolmates
  let y-component sum [dy] of schoolmates
  ifelse x-component = 0 and y-component = 0
  [
    report heading
  ]
  [
    report atan x-component y-component
  ]
end 

to-report average-target-heading  ;Cannot simply average heading values (ie. avg of 1 and 359 should be calculated as 0)
  let x-component sum [dx] of targets
  let y-component sum [dy] of targets
  ifelse x-component = 0 and y-component = 0
  [
    report heading
  ]
  [
    report atan x-component y-component
  ]
end